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Argument

IPVV — V3-M ARGUMENT MAP (the close of the āgamādhikāra dvitīyo: the four states and the vital breaths, kārikās 12–20)

MACHINE_DRAFT · 6 premises
Question. Having examined the knowers and the stains, Abhinavagupta now examines the *states* (avasthā) of the bound knower — jāgrat (waking), svapna (dream), suṣupta (deep sleep), and turya (the fourth) — and the vital breaths (prāṇādi) that sustain them. The point: these states are the stages in which the bound soul lives, and understanding them — which are to be adopted (upādeya) and which abandoned (heya) — is essential to the recognition. The pure fourth state is the goal; the other three are the round of the bound.
Issue. **The question:** Having examined the knowers and the stains, Abhinavagupta now examines the *states* (avasthā) of the bound knower — jāgrat (waking), svapna (dream), suṣupta (deep sleep), and turya (the fourth) — and the vital breaths (prāṇādi) that sustain them. The point: these states are the stages in which the bound soul lives, and understanding them — which are to be adopted (upādeya) and which abandoned (heya) — is essential to the recognition. The pure fourth state is the goal; the other three are the round of the bound.

Premises

Kārikā 12 — the primacy of agency, awareness, consciousness-self
> The primary-ness of the agent-ness, and of the awareness, and of the consciousness-self — [The knower's essence: agency (kartṛtā), awareness (bodha), and the consciousness-self (cidātman) are primary. This frames the whole — the knower is fundamentally the free conscious agent.]
Kārikā 13 — the emptiness, the I-ness-word
> In the emptiness, the intellect-and-the-rest-absence-own, the I-ness, the agent-ness-word — [In the state of the void (śūnya), where the intellect and the rest are absent, the "I-ness" and the "agent-ness" are only words — the pralayākala, dissolved in the void, has the mere trace of the "I".]
Kārikā 14 — the inner operation of the senses, the breath-stimulating
> The inner operation of the senses, the breath-and-the-rest-stimulating, the thought — [The prāṇa (the vital breath) is the inner operation that stimulates the senses; it is the life of the bound knower, the link between the self and the senses.]
Kārikā 15 — suṣupta, the sleep like dissolution
> In the that-much-standing, the said, the sleep-like-the-dissolution-equal — with the known, and > without-the-known, with-the-māyā-stain, and-without — In the mere void (śūnyamātra) — the pure void — when the standing is the I-ness-rest (ahantāviśrānti), and when [it is] in the prāṇa, then the consciousness is put to sleep by the māyā (which makes the stain descend), not even awakened by kalā and vidyā. This is the suṣupta (deep sleep): the pravṛtti-cause-form appearance, and the karma (as the action-form) whose essence is the reflexive-awareness. Deep sleep is like dissolution (pralaya) — but in dissolution there is the long decay of the body; here, in sleep, there is no such action and no long time. Its sub-kinds: sleep (by fatigue), fainting (by shock/dhātu-disease), intoxication/mad
Kārikā 16 — svapna, the dream
> In the mind-mere-path even, with the sense-object-ness, from the delusion — the clear-manifestation > creation of the beings, the dream-word, the thought. In the dream, the sense-organs (the eyes and the rest) are fixed, yet one sees the beloved, and the cognition "I see her, I draw her with my hand" is a clear manifestation whose primary [source] is the momentary Lord-creation. Only the mind is active, relying on the prior creation; but in the sense-object-part, [the dream] shares the common [world]; the stability and the rest of the appearance, joined, continue the reflexive-awareness — and in the waking state, this is refuted, so the dream is of the delusion-form. The dream is the mind's own creation, a clear-appearance making.
Kārikā 17 — jāgrat, the waking
> With-the
Unresolved. 1. The exact prāṇa enumeration (prāṇa, apāna, udāna, samāna, vyāna) — kārikās 19–20 give the prāṇa/apāna/udāna/turya; the full fivefold count is presupposed. 2. The savedya/apavedya grades of suṣupta (vidyākalā vs. pralayākala) — the two grades with/without the māyā-stain are preserved.

Referenced by essays (2)

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